Examples by industry

How to investigate
your campaign problem

See what a law firm, shop or service business can check when advertising results raise questions. These examples explain how to investigate and measure a change; they are not customer performance results.

BeforeSave current results
DuringNote what changes
AfterCheck enquiries and orders

Legal lead generation

Legal
Google Ads

A law firm receives repeated clicks on expensive search terms, but few suitable consultation requests. The team wants to find out which visits need attention before changing exclusions.

Check the search terms, dates and visits behind the increase. Ask the intake team which enquiries are suitable, then compare the cost of those enquiries after any campaign or protection change.

SpendCampaign spend
LeadsQualified Consultations
ReviewChanges made

Ask afterwards

Did the cost of suitable consultation requests improve after allowing for changes in bids, budgets and follow-up time?

SaaS demo acquisition

SaaS
Google Ads

A software company receives demo requests that do not turn into meetings. Some may be spam; others may come from people the ads were never intended to reach.

Ask sales why the requests were rejected and check the associated campaigns. Test the form and follow-up process, then inspect repeated or suspicious visits in more detail.

FormsValid Submissions
DemosAttended Meetings
SalesSales opportunities

Ask afterwards

Are more suitable prospects attending demos, and what did it cost to reach them?

Online retail checkout

E-commerce
Meta Ads

An online shop has plenty of paid visitors but few completed orders. The team needs to check whether shoppers are leaving because of the offer, checkout or suspicious traffic.

Try buying the advertised products on a phone. Check stock, delivery and payment, then compare purchase events with paid orders. Inspect the traffic sources that still look unusual.

OrdersCompleted Purchases
EventsCorrect purchase events
MarginAfter Returns

Ask afterwards

Do the reported purchases match paid orders, and did the cost per order improve over comparable dates?

Local home services

Home Services
Google Ads

A local service company sees repeated visits and calls from outside its usual area. Some visitors are comparing quotes; others may be arriving through unsuitable targeting.

Check the service area and search terms alongside the visits. Ask the office which calls led to work. Review any suspicious pattern, while confirming that returning customers can still enquire.

AreaService Coverage
CallsQualified Enquiries
JobsBooked Work

Ask afterwards

Did useful local enquiries improve, including those from customers who came back after comparing quotes?

Healthcare equipment enquiries

Healthcare
Microsoft Ads

A medical equipment supplier receives enquiries that rarely become useful sales conversations. Buyers may share hospital or company networks and take time to complete a purchase.

Ask sales what makes an enquiry suitable and how long follow-up normally takes. Check the campaigns and relevant visits using those criteria. Keep patient information out of the review.

FitQualified Organizations
ReviewVisit details
TimeSales Cycle

Ask afterwards

Were enquiries before and after the change assessed in the same way and given the same time for follow-up?

Multi-location legal campaigns

Legal
Google Ads

A law firm runs campaigns for several offices, and one location performs differently from the others. Opening hours, local competition and the types of cases requested may all contribute.

Review each office separately. Compare similar services and note changes to targeting, exclusions and opening hours. Check the enquiries the office can actually accept before changing the account.

OfficeLocal results
CasesSuitable enquiries
ChangesSettings and dates

Ask afterwards

Which offices improved, and does the result still hold when you compare the same types of enquiries?

6Practical examples
5Industry Contexts
3Advertising Platforms
1Documented Measurement Plan
Evidence to collect for a useful case study
BaselineComparable dates, spend and campaign scope
ChangesSettings, budgets and actions recorded
QualityQualified leads or completed purchases
ContextPlatform credits, fees and uncertainty

Keep observed traffic classifications separate from platform credits and realized business savings. A before-and-after difference alone does not establish that protection caused the change.

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FAQ

How to compare your own results

No. These are examples to help you investigate a campaign problem. They show what to check and measure. A customer case study would include the business, dates, changes made and results supported by its reports.
Save the campaign report before you change settings, including spend and useful enquiries or orders. Note new ads, promotions and website changes during the same period. Compare similar dates afterwards, checking any platform credits before calculating a saving.
You can link to these examples when explaining how you plan to investigate a campaign. Describe them as examples and use your own account records for any claim about results or savings.
Use the industry filters to find a similar business. Choose the checks that fit your campaign and the result you care about. A law firm may count suitable consultation requests, while a shop can compare paid orders and returns.
Tell us what problem you had, when you changed the setup and what happened afterwards. Include the reports supporting the result and explain any other campaign changes. Remove unnecessary personal information. You will review and approve the story before publication.

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How to measure a change in your own campaigns

Save the starting figures, record what you change and compare similar periods afterwards. Include genuine enquiries or paid orders alongside traffic counts so you can judge whether the result helped your business.

Read moreRead less

Note promotions, new ads and website changes during the comparison. Several adjustments can affect the same result. The examples here help you plan an investigation; published customer results would need their own dates, methods and supporting records.

What makes a before-and-after comparison useful?

Look for a clear starting point when reading a case study: the business, advertising channels, dates and problem being addressed. Check what changed and which result was measured. Fewer suspicious visits, lower advertising charges and more qualified sales describe different outcomes. The report should make clear which one actually improved.

Ask whether the business also changed its ads, budget, offer or landing page during the same period. Those changes may affect the result. If you want to run your own comparison, save the original campaign report and note each adjustment as it happens. Choose similar days and allow for the time customers normally take to buy. Use a relevant case study to prepare questions for your trial, especially about setup and reporting. The scenarios and diagrams here explain how to investigate a problem; they are not published customer performance results or a prediction of the saving your account will achieve.

What makes a before-and-after comparison useful?: Results before setup; Changes made; Results after setup.
Results before setup → Changes made → Results after setup.

What should you measure before switching protection on?

Before changing protection settings, save a report for the campaign you want to improve. Include its spend, clicks, landing pages and useful results: qualified calls, accepted enquiries or paid orders. Note the existing exclusions as well. Choose dates that reflect your normal business. A weekend promotion will usually bring different visitors from an ordinary Tuesday.

Keep a short note of changes during the trial, including new ads, budget increases, promotions and website edits. If sales improve after several changes at once, that note will help you understand what may have contributed. Check lead quality with the people answering calls or handling enquiries; a larger form-submission count can conceal more unsuitable requests. With a low-volume campaign, you may need longer to judge the effect on sales. You can still use the first week to confirm that tracking works, reports make sense and the right account is connected.

What should you measure before switching protection on?: Record current results; Note each change; Compare similar days.
Record current results → Note each change → Compare similar days.

Why do ad clicks and website visits show different totals?

Your advertising account and website analytics count different things. A visitor can click twice during one session, leave before a slow page loads or decline analytics cookies. A redirect can also remove campaign parameters. Start by checking these possibilities when the numbers do not match; the difference alone cannot tell you how many clicks were fraudulent.

Use the same date range and time zone in both reports. Check that you selected the same campaign and landing page, and allow for reporting delays. Open the actual destination URL and follow any redirects to see whether its campaign information is kept. If an enquiry becomes a sale several days later, include that delay when reviewing results. For recurring discrepancies, save a specific example with the click time and destination. It will give the person maintaining your tracking a much clearer starting point than a screenshot of two unexplained totals.

Why do ad clicks and website visits show different totals?: Click recorded; Visit recorded; Dates and filters matched.
Click recorded → Visit recorded → Dates and filters matched.

How much money has click protection actually saved?

Start with what you were actually charged and the results your business received. A flagged visit does not automatically equal a paid click. Your advertising platform may already have filtered or credited some invalid activity. Check its reporting and billing adjustments before adding up a claimed saving from the same visits.

For a practical comparison, look at spend per qualified enquiry or paid order before and after the change. Include the subscription fee and the time you spend reviewing traffic. For example, if ten flagged visits are multiplied by a $4 average click price, the resulting $40 is an estimate of possible exposure, not proof of a $40 refund. Keep estimates labelled and explain the calculation. A useful review should show whether your account is producing better-quality enquiries or orders for its overall cost, with promotions, bid changes and other adjustments taken into account.

How much money has click protection actually saved?: Review flagged visits; Check billing credits; Compare useful results.
Review flagged visits → Check billing credits → Compare useful results.

How to investigate a sudden increase in ad clicks

Suppose a campaign suddenly receives more clicks without more enquiries. Before investigating, you only know that costs have risen. Pausing the campaign may stop the spending, but it can also stop genuine customers reaching you. Start by noting the affected dates and checking whether you changed the budget, targeting, offer or landing page around that time.

Next, inspect the traffic source and a few visits from the affected period. Test the enquiry form yourself. If you find a page problem, repair it. If a particular group of visits looks suspicious, review the available protection settings for that campaign and record the change you make. Afterwards, watch both the suspicious activity and genuine enquiries. This before-and-after example shows how to narrow the response. To assess your own result, compare similar days and keep other campaign changes in the record so you can see what helped.

How to investigate a sudden increase in ad clicks: Before: rising clicks; Check the cause; After: targeted action.
Before: rising clicks → Check the cause → After: targeted action.

Are your enquiries reaching the right customers?

Ask the people answering calls or following up forms what they are receiving. Are enquiries genuine? Is the customer in your service area? Do they want a service you provide? A real person asking for something you do not offer is a targeting problem. Repeated nonsense submissions may need a closer look at the form and associated visits.

Keep a simple record of the reasons enquiries are rejected. It can reveal a broad keyword, an unclear offer or a form that is too easy to misuse. Check duplicates before dismissing them: a customer may have submitted twice because no confirmation appeared or nobody responded. Where the visit looks suspicious, compare its timing and campaign with the submitted details. Use both the traffic information and feedback from your team when deciding what to change. Improving an ad, clarifying a service area or fixing follow-up can be as relevant as adjusting a protection rule.

Are your enquiries reaching the right customers?: Form or call received; Customer contacted; Suitable enquiry confirmed.
Form or call received → Customer contacted → Suitable enquiry confirmed.

Why are shoppers clicking but not placing orders?

Customers often visit a shop more than once before buying. They compare sizes and prices, check delivery costs or return after payday. Start with the products and traffic sources behind the change in sales. Are you advertising an item that is out of stock? Does the landing page show the same price and delivery promise as the ad? Are mobile visitors getting further than the product page?

Try adding an item to the basket and completing the checkout steps yourself. Check shipping restrictions, payment errors and any recent changes to tracking. Once those basics work, inspect the visits that still look unusual, such as repeated activity concentrated on one product or source. Compare them with paid orders from the shop's own records. An abandoned basket, a suspicious ad visit and a disputed payment each need a different investigation. Identifying which problem you have helps you choose a useful response without interrupting genuine shoppers.

Why are shoppers clicking but not placing orders?: Product page; Basket and checkout; Paid order.
Product page → Basket and checkout → Paid order.

What changes during a sale or product launch?

A sale, press mention or product launch can bring a large increase in genuine visits. New visitors may browse differently from regular customers, and campaigns may reach audiences that rarely appeared before. Note when the promotion started, which products it featured and any budget or targeting changes made alongside it.

When inspecting unusual activity, compare the same source, device and product group where possible. Check that the advertised items remain available and that checkout can handle the extra demand. If customers report problems after a protection change, investigate promptly with the person who manages the site. Once the promotion ends, compare paid orders or qualified enquiries with the spend and traffic from that period. This gives you a useful record for the next sale. It also helps you distinguish a genuinely successful campaign from a tracking error or a burst of visits that did not reach the intended customers.

What changes during a sale or product launch?: Promotion starts; New visitors arrive; Review sales and traffic.
Promotion starts → New visitors arrive → Review sales and traffic.

Does a click fraud statistic apply to your business?

Before using a statistic in a budget discussion, check its source, dates and definition. Was the study counting ad impressions, clicks, website visits or requests? Which channels and countries did it cover? A report about one type of traffic may tell you little about a local service campaign or a specialist B2B business.

Keep the link and the definition with any number you quote. If a report gives a percentage, check what that percentage is a share of and how the researchers identified invalid activity. Then compare the question with your own account. You might inspect a particular network or source because a report highlights it, but use your campaign records to judge its effect on your business. For a client presentation, explain these limits in ordinary language. A useful statistic helps you decide where to look; it cannot tell you what a particular advertiser has already lost without account-specific information.

Does a click fraud statistic apply to your business?: Who was studied?; What was counted?; How does your traffic compare?.
Who was studied? → What was counted? → How does your traffic compare?.

What should a useful traffic report show?

Start your report with the campaign, dates and question you investigated. For example: enquiries fell after a new placement started sending traffic. Show the change in spend and qualified enquiries, then add a few visits that explain why you investigated that source. Include the action taken and any question that still needs an answer.

If the report goes to a client, explain unfamiliar terms the first time you use them. They should be able to see what happened without interpreting a list of IP addresses. Keep the detailed records available for the person checking the account. Where a change has been made, say when you will review its effect and what you will compare. A short report with a specific follow-up is easier to use in a campaign meeting than a long list of blocked visits with no explanation of how customers or advertising costs were affected.

What should a useful traffic report show?: Affected campaign; Example visits; Next action.
Affected campaign → Example visits → Next action.